The difference between separation anxiety and just plain bad behavior is easy to spot: pets with separation anxiety only act out when they are unable to get to their owners. In severe cases, anxious pooches will act out even when their owner is simply in another room with the door shut. Common ways of acting out include destructive behavior, excessive barking, house soiling, attempts to escape, loss of appetite, inactivity, sadness or depression, and psychosomatic disorders such as diarrhea, vomiting, and excessive coat licking. Also, a dog suffering from separation anxiety will often closely shadow her owner when they're together.
Why Spot?
Why does your dog suffer from separation anxiety while your neighbor's dog is
fine? The possibilities abound. Some dogs simply do not ever gain enough confidence
in themselves to be on their own. For some, it's because they were left alone
for too long when they were puppies. Others have had the misfortune of being
abused or neglected. Then there are the poor pups who are pushed from home to
home until they finally end up in an animal shelter; needless to say, they might
be afraid of being left again.
Often a beloved pet is fine for years, then suddenly begins to act out. If her behavior seems inexplicable, take a look at the changes in your lifestyle that occurred around the same time Spot decided she loved the taste of your favorite chair. Maybe Mom went back to work, or the kids left for college. Or maybe you got a new job requiring longer hours. Whatever the reason, Spot is spending more time alone, and she doesn't know what to do with herself. She worries: "What if they don't come back?" When the stress is more than she can take, she acts out.
Taming the trauma
Dealing with separation anxiety is different than dealing with just the problem
behaviors. First, you must learn to check your anger at the door. Punishing
Spot will not fix the problem--it will create a bigger problem. Once she associates
your absence and return with punishment, her anxiety will increase. There are
many different ways you can help your dog deal with her fear. Your number one
goal is to teach Spot that you can be trusted to come back. One of the first
exercises to practice is sit and stay. This will prepare your panicky pet for
practice departures. Make Spot sit and stay while you move from one place to
another. If she obeys, give her a treat. If she couldn't stand it and didn't
stay, try it again for a shorter time and distance. Once you find something
that works, even if it's just moving from the living room to the dining room,
you can slowly increase the time and distance.
The next step is to change your habits. Think about your routine. Do you do the same things every time you walk out the door? Kissing your spouse, grabbing your bag, closing your briefcase, or even picking up your keys can tell Spot that you're leaving. She associates your preparations to leave with her destructive behavior. Your goal is to change your pattern, teaching her new cues that let her know that you're always coming back and help disassociate her learned, destructive behavior from your absence. Do something unusual and different from your normal routine: turn on the radio or television, or give Spot a treat. There are many toys and treats designed to entertain your pet while you're out. A Kong toy stuffed with food is a popular option--she will spend many distracted hours working to get the food out.
New cue review
Begin using your new cue when you start doing practice departures. The key here
is to take baby steps. When you first give Spot the new cue, leave the house
for just a minute or two--a time short enough that you know Spot will be all
right. When you come back, avoid a big fuss and simply go about your business.
The expectation of a big to-do when you come home only increases her anxiety
level. The principle behind practice departures is the same as that of sit and
stay; you're teaching Spot that when you leave you will come back. Slowly, you
will increase her confidence in you and in herself. Continue to practice your
departures all day long for increasingly longer amounts of time. Stay away a
couple of minutes longer each time, but remember to take it slow. If Spot becomes
upset at a certain point, cut the time in half and be patient. For example,
if Spot acts out after two hours, then decrease the time to one hour and work
your way back up from there. Repeat the cycle over and over again, until Spot
is confident that you will always return.
Ideally you will be able to spend at least a week gradually easing Spot into a new level of self-confidence. If you don't have that much time, try to begin early on a Friday evening and continue the practice departures throughout the weekend. Clomicalm(R), a new anxiety drug from Novartis, can help calm your anxious pup if you don't have enough consecutive hours to work on correcting Spot's behavior. Clomicalm is not a sedative; instead, it is designed especially for dogs with separation anxiety. Dogs take a daily dose to relieve some of their anxiety, making it easier for them to learn new, better behavior. Once the new behavior is learned, the medication can be discontinued. As with any drug, be sure to visit your veterinarian to ensure the medication is appropriate for your specific pet.
Another strategy to help you deal with the problem is to take Spot out for a good walk before you leave the house. Not only will you spend some quality time together, it will also help tucker her out, making it more likely she will spend her time away from you sleeping. Another benefit to the long walk is that once Spot sees the pattern, she will have something to look forward to when you leave. And the exercise will be great for both of you.
With these tools, you should be well on your way to boosting Spot's self-confidence.
With enough time and patience you can teach Spot that you love her just as much
as she loves you. Eventually she will realize that you won't leave her, and
that destroying your house may not be the best way to tell you she misses you.
Don't be afraid to seek professional help. Ask your veterinarian for suggestions,
or if the problem persists, ask your veterinarian to recommend a behavior specialist.
Chances are both you and your dog will benefit from some one-on-one guidance.
Together, you can transform her anxious love and your tattered home into a secure
peace you both can enjoy.
(By Loraine Miller, AAHA editorial assistant. Originally published in the October/November 1999 issue of AAHA's bi-monthly practice management publication, TRENDS magazine.)
